vahid gerami; Mohsen Jahed; hasan fathzadeh
Abstract
Analyzing and studying the relation of science and religion were always the most important philosophical and theological concerns. One of the researchers that paid attention to this problem in detail, is Michael Ruse. He suggests that the entity of science in essence, is metaphoric, and since metaphor ...
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Analyzing and studying the relation of science and religion were always the most important philosophical and theological concerns. One of the researchers that paid attention to this problem in detail, is Michael Ruse. He suggests that the entity of science in essence, is metaphoric, and since metaphor is limited, so science is limited, and some issues are not problems for scientist need to be answered. He provided a list of this kind of issues, as follows: origin of the creatures, foundations of morality, the nature of conscience, and the meaning of life. So there is a room for other fields to answer these questions. Therefore, Ruse calls himself adherent to independence position. The weakness of Ruse position is that he claims that the issues are now in the domain of religion, in the future fall under the science; while the authors believe in: first, the most of these four issues in list above, couldn’t fall under the science, because of selectiveness of science, non-evaluativeness, and the dominance of machine metaphor. So these issues will be under the religion. Second, according to that the language of science is metaphoric, we must accept the complementary position, rather than independence.
Mahdi Munazzah; Mohsen Jahed; Sahar Kavandi
Volume 9, Issue 2 , July 2019, , Pages 119-148
Abstract
This essay is going to explain the effect of supernatural elements on the meaning of life from viewpoint of Cottingham. In this study, first, we illustrate the threefold approaches to the theories of meaning of life( perpose, value and function), that is: naturalism, non-naturalism and supernaturalism, ...
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This essay is going to explain the effect of supernatural elements on the meaning of life from viewpoint of Cottingham. In this study, first, we illustrate the threefold approaches to the theories of meaning of life( perpose, value and function), that is: naturalism, non-naturalism and supernaturalism, then explain the viewpoint of Cottingham( supernaturalism) on the meaning of life. Cottingham interpret the " meaning" as "valuable purpose", and believes that God and the eternality are supernatural elements that give meaning to the life. He enjoys two arguments for confirming his foundation: 1) unchangeable moral norms for theistic element and, 2) successfulness for the eternality. Cottingham in argument that presents through theism for giving life the meaning, uses of genetic foundation and natural law rather than merely divine command. He, at last, emphasizes on compound view( God and eternality) as his final view on giving life ( that is, a life with valuable purpose) the meaning. Because of this, it can be said that the special views of Cottingham are: 1) interpretation of the meaning as a valuable purpose, 2) enjoying natural law for giving life the meaning, 3) believing on compound supernaturalism.
Saleh Hasanzadeh; mahmoud rasouli; Mohsen Jahed; Vahab Jafarian
Volume 8, Issue 2 , May 2018, , Pages 23-43
Abstract
For the first time, the concept of irreducible complexity was proposed by Michael Behe in order to criticize Darwin’s theory of evolution based on biochemical facts. He has defined the concept as a single system containing purposeful and interacting parts in which its components possess particular ...
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For the first time, the concept of irreducible complexity was proposed by Michael Behe in order to criticize Darwin’s theory of evolution based on biochemical facts. He has defined the concept as a single system containing purposeful and interacting parts in which its components possess particular functions. Behe rejects the theory of natural evolution through explaining of biochemical reactions, in details, occurred in environment. Providing scientific evidence and methodology, as well as numerous pre-assumptions in the realm of philosophy of science, Behe demonstrates his inference concerning to irreducible complexity, and answers scientifically to the empirical and methodological objections of the critiques. He divides the life into two parts including reducible and irreducible sections. Based on his theory regarding non-irreducibility of life, Behe invalidates the theory of evolution, possessing gradual processes, in molecular level. Overall, according to various findings and researches made by Behe and the proponents of his theory, the inference of irreducible complexity is now as an inference to the best explanation suggesting appropriately a scientific approach for disclosing the life origin and exhibiting the life has been guided and designated.
